THE ROLE OF FAMILY SUPPORT IN IMPROVING TREATMENT ADHERENCE AMONG PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS: A SCOPING REVIEW

Abstract

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, with poor treatment adherence hindering effective disease control. Family support has been identified as a key factor in promoting adherence, though evidence on its effectiveness varies across settings.

Objective: This scoping review aims to identify and synthesize recent scientific evidence on the role of family support in improving treatment adherence among pulmonary TB patients across various healthcare contexts.

Methods: The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A systematic search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and Google Scholar identified 383 articles published between January 2020 and April 2025. After screening, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed thematically to explore forms of family support, factors affecting their effectiveness, and research gaps.

Results: The review found that family support positively influences treatment adherence in pulmonary TB patients. Common forms include emotional (e.g., empathy, motivation), instrumental (e.g., daily assistance, medication management), informational (e.g., disease education), and motivational support. Families often serve as reminders, attend appointments with patients, and offer psychological encouragement. The effectiveness of this support is shaped by socio-cultural factors such as stigma, gender norms, and health literacy. Programs integrating family support within DOTS and health education show improved outcomes. However, challenges persist in families with limited resources or insufficient knowledge about TB. The review also identifies a lack of longitudinal and structured intervention studies.

Conclusion: Family support is a vital and strategic approach to enhancing TB treatment adherence. Incorporating family-based interventions into national TB programs and developing context-specific strategies are essential for reducing non-adherence and improving treatment success.